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利用氣體分析儀、超微量天平等研究DOC和DPF對(duì)柴油機(jī)排放性能影響

來(lái)源: 河南科技大學(xué) 任源 瀏覽 114 次 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2025-08-14

摘要:隨著環(huán)境污染日趨嚴(yán)重,為了有效控制車(chē)輛的有害物排放,我國(guó)相繼制定了一系列與國(guó)際接軌的排放法規(guī),柴油機(jī)技術(shù)在得到快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),也正面臨著日益嚴(yán)厲的排放法規(guī)的挑戰(zhàn)。在這種形勢(shì)下,除了采取先進(jìn)的技術(shù)措施實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的機(jī)內(nèi)凈化外,如何同時(shí)合理利用后處理裝置達(dá)到排放限值的要求,進(jìn)而徹底解決柴油機(jī)污染物排放問(wèn)題就成為當(dāng)前柴油機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。


本課題就是響應(yīng)市場(chǎng)和企業(yè)的需求,從研究尾氣后處理裝置性能的角度,在CY4102電控高壓共軌柴油機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上,按照GB17691-2005中ESC測(cè)試循環(huán)的要求進(jìn)行臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),內(nèi)容主要包括:


1.通過(guò)燃用國(guó)Ⅳ柴油(0#),利用氣體分析儀、部分流顆粒采樣系統(tǒng)和超微量天平,測(cè)試由廣州新力金屬有限公司提供的不同類(lèi)型的DOC、DPF,經(jīng)過(guò)單獨(dú)或是組合使用后柴油機(jī)的排放性能,對(duì)比計(jì)算各種形式的后處理系統(tǒng)對(duì)柴油機(jī)排放污染物的轉(zhuǎn)化效率,并結(jié)合國(guó)Ⅳ排放法規(guī)的限值,為公司進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)后處理裝置提供技術(shù)依據(jù)和理論指導(dǎo)。


該部分試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)柴油機(jī)分別加裝DOC、C-DPF、DOC+(P-DPF)、DOC+(C-DPF)后對(duì)CO和HC的凈化效果十分明顯,其中尤以DOC+(C-DPF)最為突出,其對(duì)CO和HC的轉(zhuǎn)化效率可分別高達(dá)99.8%和91.8%,而P-DPF對(duì)CO和HC排放的影響極其微弱;(2)與原機(jī)相比,分別加裝DOC、P-DPF、C-DPF、DOC+(P-DPF)、DOC+(C-DPF)這五種類(lèi)型的后處理系統(tǒng)后,其對(duì)NOX的排放都幾乎沒(méi)有影響,NOX排放的總量基本不變;(3)P-DPF、C-DPF、DOC+(P-DPF)、DOC+(C-DPF)對(duì)柴油機(jī)顆粒PM的凈化效果均較為明顯,轉(zhuǎn)化效率在58%-66%之間,其中以DOC+(C-DPF)為最高,值為65.7%,而DOC對(duì)PM有一定的凈化效果,但不明顯。


2.鑒于我國(guó)區(qū)域差別的國(guó)情,分別使用北京市售國(guó)Ⅳ柴油(0#)、北京市售國(guó)Ⅴ柴油(0#)和洛陽(yáng)市售普通柴油(0#),進(jìn)行原機(jī)和加裝相同類(lèi)型DOC+(P-DPF)組合的ESC測(cè)試循環(huán),對(duì)比不同品質(zhì)燃油對(duì)柴油機(jī)排放性能的影響,此外,利用高效液相色譜儀和紫外熒光法硫氮分析儀,分別測(cè)定上述三種品質(zhì)燃油的主要化學(xué)成分,并結(jié)合發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排放特性的變化,著重分析探討了燃油化學(xué)成分變化給后處理裝置工作效果帶來(lái)的影響。


研究結(jié)果表明:(1)隨著燃油中總芳烴(包括單環(huán)、雙環(huán)和多環(huán)芳烴)含量的降低,原機(jī)CO和HC的排放量顯著降低,而原機(jī)NOX的排放量只有小幅下降;(2)原機(jī)PM的排放量隨燃油中多環(huán)芳烴含量的減少而降低,當(dāng)多環(huán)芳烴含量低于3.5%時(shí),PM排放量變化不大;(3)燃油中硫含量過(guò)高可使DOC中毒,同時(shí)尾氣中PM排放大幅增加;而當(dāng)硫含量處于較低水平時(shí),隨著硫含量的下降,DOC+(P-DPF)組合對(duì)PM的轉(zhuǎn)化效率會(huì)有一定程度提高,同時(shí)對(duì)CO和HC的轉(zhuǎn)化效率也有小幅上升。

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